The effects of car smoke on cytokine (TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ) changes in rat serum

Any substance in the atmosphere that changes its physical, chemical and biological properties causes air pollution. These contaminants can enter the human body through nose, skin, mouth and digestive system and threaten human health. Vehicles produce contaminants like lead, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The purpose of this research is to evaluate changes in TNF-α and IFN- due to smoke in rat's serum.

Totally 24 female Wistar rats in 3 groups were included in the study. 8 rats in each group, considered as case, were exposed to exhaust smoke from cars, for 5 minutes, 3-5 times/day for 4 weeks. Blood samples were then taken from the experimental and the control groups and the cytokines, TNF-α and IFN- were measured by using ELISA kit according to the Booster company instruction manual. To compare the mean values of variables, ANOVA was used and Post Hoc test was used for comparisons within groups.

Changes in cytokines levels were observed in the treatment groups compared to the control group. The reduced cytokines level in smoke group indicate that smoke from car exhaust can suppress the immune system. Short-term exposure to exhaust smoke also enhanced proliferation of lymphocytes and neutrophils.

Car exhaust smoke affects the immune system.