Misunderstanding of Technology Commercialization Concepts and the Mission of Technology Policy making Institutions in Establishing Culture of Technology Commercialization

Nowadays, technology commercialization plays a unique role in the development of "National Innovation Systems" of different countries. Perhaps most of the technologies that we easily use them in our daily life were not available, if they had not been commercialized. A quick look at the performances of universities, research institutions and private firms in Iran reveals despite their capabilities in technology development, many of them have been unsuccessful in technolo-gy commercialization. One of the reasons why they have been unsuccessful is because their managers and policy makers misunderstand the concepts of technology commercializing. There-fore, we performed a systematic review in the field of technology commercialization and by looking at the results of some case studies, some strategies are proposed for establishing proper culture in the field of technology commercialization development.