Antifungal effect of aqueous extract and eugenol of clove on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami, the causal agent of sesame yellows and wilt

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, the causal agent of sesame yellows and wilt is one of important and destructive pathogens of Sesame indicum. Management methods are mainly based on chemical control with sever environmental problems, because resistance cultivars are not introduced for this disease. In this study, to reach to sustainable agriculture goals, extract and eugenol of clove were used as a biological materials to control of the pathogen. Based on the results, application of 25, 50, 75 and 100 percentage concentrations of clove extract reduced the pathogen growth rate by 10.33%, 11.36%, 13.75% and 51.1%, respectively. Also, eugenol application at above mentioned concentrations reduced the pathogen growth rate up to 75%, 76.47%, 79.83% and 81.85%, respectively. It seems that eugenol is the major and effective components of clove to control of pathogen. The biological material used in this study did not have any negative effect on sesame seed germination and all treatment were placed in one statistical group with the control. This study is the first research for world on control of F. oxysporum. sp. sesami by biological compounds from clove and so more studies are recommended on their effect on the pathogen in greenhouses and fields.