The Outlook of Three Muslim Philosophers about the Problem of Evil

The problem of evil is one of the most important problems in religions and in the area of religious studies. The importance of the subject derives from the fact that it rests on the basis and principle of religious belifs, i.e. proving the existence of God and his attributes and in a way it undermines the religious teachings. But in fact this problem rests on the misgiving of incompatibility of two religious idea that is the existence of god and the existence of evil in the world so that it can be claimed that the statements “God exists” and “evil exists” logically are not compatible. Unless we set aside the absoluteness of God’s attributes and belive in the limitation and restriction of it is attributes and accept a dualistic view, that is believe in two creators of good and evil for the world. In the present article the solutions of three Muslim philosophers i.e. Ibn Sina, Shaykh Ishraq and Mulla Sadra as the greatest philosophers in Islamic philosophy is studied and analyzed. It should be said that each of these three philosophers has had a great part in replying to this misgiving so that their rational analysis has no precedent in Greek philosophy. Given their intellectual background it follows that the privation of evil and its accidental intention is the fundamental constitutive part of these three views.