Rockfall Zoning Based on Rockfall Trajectory in GIS

In this paper، Geographic information system (GIS) modeling is used in combination with three-dimensional (3D) rockfall process modeling to assess rockfall hazards. The 3D rockfall model considers dynamic processes on a cell plane basis. It uses inputs of distributed parameters in terms of raster and polygon features created in GIS. Rockfall process simulation results، 3D rockfall trajectories and their velocity features either for point seeders or polyline seeders are stored in 3D shape files. Distributed raster modeling، based on 3D rockfall trajectories and a spatial geostatistical technique، represents the distribution of spatial frequency، the flying and/or bouncing height، and the kinetic energy of falling rocks. A distribution of rockfall hazard can be created by taking these rockfall characteristics into account for case study. The results showed that only 15% of the susceptible areas have a risk of over average and all have been placed at a slope of over 60% and are of colluvial slope type.