Some enhancer methods of heavy metals phytoremediation efficiency

Certainly، we have to observe the more complicated problem about pollution of soil، water and air by various environmental pollutants as a result of increase in the world population. Hence، it is necessary to consider the new technologies which are used for remediation of polluted sites. Phytoremediation is one of these new methods which posses relatively slow procedure and low efficiency. In current paper we review some of the biological، chemical، physical، physico-chemical and genetic methods، which are applied in order to increase the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soils. These methods include lowering the pH، increasing the electrode potential (Eh)، using chelating agents and microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Discovering of these new methods have been resulted in execute the multi-approaches techniques for a faster removal process of the metal contaminants، and consequently increase in the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soils. Among the introduced methods، application of the PGPRs is one of the most useful and environmentally friendly techniques، which is currently considered as a useful process for enhancement the efficiency of heavy metals remediation process by plants.