of the Umayyad's Access to Power after Islam

The Umayyad manner of coming to power is one of the important and fundamental issues in Islam history. From the beginning of the acceptance of Islam after which about two decades the dispute was began with Islam, they aimed at regaining their previous leadership in any way, but the new criteria entering to the field of thought of the Arab Muslim and also emergence of the values impeded the fulfillment of this wish for a while. Formation of Saqifah event after the decease of the prophet (p.b.u.h) which led to the presence of some Umayyad elements in the government gradually turned to the underlying power for them. The second caliph made Umayyad more serious in gaining power by nurturing the spirit of ambition in Mu’awiya who has given him the ruling of Damascus government. With the rise of Osman who was himself from Umayyad, they had both the key to Beit al-Mal and the sword of Sultan and they strengthened themselves in any respect. They started to oppose Imam Ali’s caliphate and developed different problems for him and finally by compelling Imam Hassan to make peace, their old wish came true and they got the ruling of the Islam world. Therefore, caliphate was transferred from the house of Prophecy to the house of Umayyad. This paper aims at analyzing these areas. The main hypothesis of the research about evaluation of the Umayyad access to power is Saqifah event, the long-term presence of Mu’awiya in Damascus and weak-minded Iraqis.