The Role of Foreign Powers in the Mazandaran Region's Political Challenges (from Timur to the rise of the Safavids)

Mazandaran witnessed intense internal strife among the contenders in the ninth century Hejri. These claimants extended willingly a helping hand to the foreign governments to achieve their goals. These governments could support one of the parties، thereby expanding their influence in the region and thereby to achieve their desired political and economic goals. As the five Caspian period of great political challenge، powers out of the region played an important role. In other words، Mazandaran during this period as one of the prominent areas was seriously disputed \by the Timurids، Qhra qhuonlu، Kiaeyan Gilan، Aqh- qhuonlu governments. This research is to study the competition of foreign powers meddling in Mazandaran in this period.