A Comparative Study of the Theory of the Truth and the Theory of Justification and the Role of God in them in the Epistemological Systems of Sadrais and Cartesian Philosophers

The followers of transcendent wisdom believe in correspondence theory among the theories of the truth. In their opinion a proposition is true if it corresponds to the "Fact- itself" which is more general than object and subject (mind). Among Cartesians, it is only Spinoza who defends the correspondence theory. The other Cartesians consider clarity and distinction as the criteria of the truth. In epistemology there are two approaches to the justification: internalism and externalism. Both Sadrai and Cartesian philosophers believe in internalism. But Sadrais consider foundationalism as the criterion of justification. Anyhow, Cartesians emphasize on the role of God in both the justification and the theory of the truth. Discard said that because there is a God who does not deceive us, we can gain true knowledge. Also Sadrai philosophers believe in an outstanding role of God in epistemology. Mulla Sadra considers inspiration and enlightening by God as the most certain knowledge. In this paper we will compare the true and the justification theories in the epistemological systems of these two groups of philosophers.