The considerations and requirements of the projects implementation of clean development mechanism (CDM) in the field of photovoltaic power plant with statistical look at the projects registered

Uncontrolled emissions of greenhouse gases and global warming phenomenon have led to unfavorable effects on climate changes in the past few decades. Electrical power plants، which mostly consume fossil fuels and are responsible for the release of about 37. 5% of carbon، are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. However، the installation of 100 kW photovoltaic solar plants can prevent emission of 100 to 140 tons of CO2 per year. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)، is one of the mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol aimed at partnership of developing countries in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the three phases of the approval of projects، the registration of project proposals، and emission reduction certification. The most important document in three steps is the project design document including technical، economic، social and environmental issues. Projects dealing with renewable energy constitute more than 67% of the CDM projects، about 5% of which are related to solar technology (mainly photovoltaic). Statistical analyses on large-scale photovoltaic projects (above 10 MW) show that the emission reduction potential of this technology is 1369 tCO2/MW on average. In addition، revenues from the sale of emission reduction certification can supply more than 70% of the annual maintenance cost of the power plant.