Pathology and Analysis of the State Evolution Process in Iran, Considering Universal Experiences (Comparative Study)

State has witnessed many changes from the beginning of its formation. In other words, apart from changes that happened to people, groups and the thoughts that formed these groups, the relationship between state and people has changed from tribal state in early stages to national state in the recent era. Nation state is defined based on its interaction with the nation. So, it is true that we can study the establishment of the state in some places through special periods of history, but in old and ancient countries even if the state has been established in modern era, but it is impossible to ignore the historical process of formation of nation and its interaction with the state. Therefore, the study of such case in ancient countries like Iran needs new approaches towards this issue. Research Research method is basedondescriptive – analytic method and data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The questions and assumptions of the research are as fallow:What kinds of process have been effective in the establishment of nation state in Iran through history? Whendid nation state emerge in Iran?And the assumption is as follow: Although the formation of nation state in Iran (provided opportunities for people to participate in the management of their affairs) was realized during the constitutional revolution (1906), but some events, which happened before and after this revolution,caused critical approach towards the revolution. Although nation state in Iran is a new concept and theoretically it is realized during the constitutional revolution, but by considering the process of political changes of Iran’s society in recent century and regarding variables and indicators of establishment of modern nation state, we can not specify an exact period of time for the establishment of nation state. According to special position of state- based studies in political geography of Iran, this issue causes a kind of theoretical turmoil and has faced experts and researchers with the lack of consensus on the issue.Regarding the issue, the purpose of the present essay is to study the issue from a pathological and comparative point of view with considering universal experience. Research findings show that although nation state were established in Iran during the constitutional revolution, but we should consider that before and after the constitutional revolution some historical, political and social events happened in Iran which are counted as an introduction and supplement to the establishment of this type of state during the constitutional revolution. Also, unlike universal process that this modern state is an introduction to the establishment of nation state, in Iran, nation state precedes modern state. This issue leads to scientific turmoil among experts and failure of constitutional revolution experience in Iran and deep political changes in the following years.