.The Role of Qahramanehs ('Female Commissioners') during the Second Era of Abbasid Dynasty (232- 334 A.H.)

Despite the limited information about harems in the Abbasid era, and also the non-systematic presence of women in various political, social, and cultural arenas until the second Abbasid era (232–334 A.H.), it is known that the phenomenon of ‘Qahramanegi’ ('commission', 'matchmaking') emerged during this era, especially in the time of al-Muqtadir Billah Caliphate (295–320 A.H). ‘Qahramaneh’ was a title given to women who acted as a mediator between the harem and the court of caliphs and, depending on their capabilities and influences, were assigned to perform different jobs. Taking advantage of the weaknesses of the caliphs as well as the existing power gap, these women managed to influence the political, social, and cultural activities. The present research was of a historical-social approach, and the reference sources were compared and analyzed. This paper is an attempt to study this phenomenon and introduce some well-known Qahramanehs in the era of the Caliph al-Muqtadir Billah, and generally, focus on the issue of women's presence in political and governmental arenas.