Hydrogeochemical Analysis of Bidkhan Stream of Bardsir (Southeast Iran) Using Principal Component and Cluster Analyses

Introduction Thermodynamically, the surface waters in mountain environments are unstable and their chemical composition is a reflection of water-rock interactions. Few studies have also been undertaken on the geochemistry of the surface waters in mountain environments. Hence, this paper deals with the source of elements as well as the chemistry of the stream which drains from the caldera of Bidkhan volcano. The Bidkhan is an inactive stratovolcano having a caldera located at southeast Iran at a distance of 115 Km from Kerman (40 Km southeast of Bardsir town). Its geographical coordinates include 56º, 25׳ to 56º, 30׳ eastern longitude and 29º, 35׳ to 29º, 40׳ northern latitude. This volcano lies at the southeastern part of the volcanic belt of central Iran (Orumieh-Dokhtar belt). The Bidkhan volcano occupies an area of 400 km2 and its highest summit lies at about 3800 m above mean sea level. The Bidkhan stream drains its caldera. The caldera lies in almost 12 kilometers of the course of the Bidkhan stream and supplies several villages in its course. There is no hydrometric station along this stream, but based on field observations, the highest flow is about 600 L/s in April. This stream usually dries out in the August-December period. Its average flow is about 610 L/s. According to the undertaken measurements, the water temperature varies from 15 to 20 Cº along its course in summer times. The pH values range from 6. 9 to 7. 4.