Modeling of Geophysical Sensors to Detect Underground Facilities and Presenting Countermeasure Approaches

One of the most sustainable measures of passive defense in the strategic domains is to employ buried structures, in particular, tunnels. These tunnels are designed and built in mountain regions with high burms. On the other side, the adversary can take countermeasures to develop their detection methods of these structures. Also increasing the capabilities of their offensive instruments and equipments is their next step.The subject of this study is to investigate, evaluate and model the effectiveness of geophysical detection technologies of buried facilities. Airborne and space based methods are mostly attractive by the adversary. Construction and using these underground spaces, apply different effects on parameters of surface/subsurface of the earth. Using modeling, the Identification capabilities of different geophysical technologies in detecting objects, targets and underground facilities are assessed. In conclusion, the countermeasure methods (Camouflage, Concealment and Deception), have been presented using detection of underground facilities via these technologies.