Language Layers and External Context in Translational Balance

The present study investigates the relationship between language and meaning. In other words, whether it is language that determines the meaning aspects and domains through its special delicacies, or language acts like a palfrey for the meaning. In translation studies, there has been numerous discussions about literal translation, word-for-word translation, communicative translation, semantic translation, free translation, etc. each of which has dealt with translation from a certain point of view. Besides studying the different language layers—semantic, grammatical, vocabulary—external context and other factors affecting the translation process, the authors seek to show that in order to present a fluent (communicative), accurate (semantic) translation, the translator in addition to being conversant with nuances of three levels of source and target language, should adequately know culture, language and thoughts of the source language so as to think in their language, understand the translated text adequately enough. Then, relying on his competence and closely examining different semantic, lexical, syntactic and grammatical levels he can transfers the language units from the complex and intertwined network of translation and reconstruct them in the target language.