The Study of Fatal Complications of " Rice Tablet " Poisoning

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is an inorganic phosphide used to control insects and rodents in a variety of settings. In has extensive domestic consumption، commonly for storing rice in Iran. In this study we objectively demonstrate the frequency of fatal complications of poisoning due to aluminum phosphide (ALP) in patients referred to Loghman Hospital''s Center for Toxicological، Tehran، Iran. Aluminium phosphide is an inorganic compound، used as a rodenticide، insecticide، for stored cereal grains. In Iran Known as «rice tablet، for its use to preserve rice. The toxicity of aluminium phosphide is attributed to the liberation of phosphine gas in contact with with water or weak acid and is the major cause of poisoning and deaths. Rice tablet (Alminume Phosphid) poisoning may be associated with Serious and sometimes incurable complications. The aim of this study، is to assess the Prevalence of complications leading to death in patients with acute Alminume Phosphid poisoning A retrospective cross sectional study of 111 self-poisoned patients with history of single agent “Rice Tablet” ingestion admitted to Loghman–Hakim hospital poison center، Tehran، Iran، along two years period، from، 1392-1389. Out of 111 patients included in this study، 60 patients (54. 1%) were male and 51 patients (45. 9%) were female with Mean age and standard deviation of 26±8. 9. Minimum and maximum age rang was between 15 and 43 years. Uniform ingestion were reported in 61. 3% (68 patients). Dose consumption ranges from ¼ tablet in 39 (35. 1%) case to more than one tablet in 32 (28. 2%) cases. Post ingestion time in 36% were within last one hours at the arrivals to Emergency Department. Vomiting was the most common symptoms reported by 107 (96. 4%) patients at their owne places. Agittation in 36. 9% (41 cases) and felling of thirsty in 27. 9% (31 cases) reported by physician in duty of Emergeny department. Although maney complications such as Hypotension، Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrom (ARDS)، Acute Renal Failure (ARF) AND Multi Organ Failure (MOF) were the common complications observed in these patients، but the most lethal complication was Cardiac Arrhythmias occurred in in 41 (36. 9%) of cases.