Identification and characterization of class 1 integrons among atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from children under 5 years of age

The therapeutic options for diseases caused by Escherichia coli are limited. In this study we investigated the presence of virulence factors among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains and their antibiotic resistance patterns. The isolates were also checked for the presence of class1 integrons and gene cassettes. This study included 70 EPEC strains isolated from children. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using diffusion methods. The broth microdilution methods was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. PCR was used to detect eaeA, bfpA genes. The 5' and 3' conserved sequences (CSs) of class 1 integrons and intI gene were amplified to investigate the presence of integrons and gene cassettes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 4 (5.7%), 3 (4.2%), and 2 (2.8 %) isolates were resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ceftazidime, respectively. Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and aztreonam were 1.4%. Thirteen (18.5%) isolates showed resistance to tetracycline, and 4 (5.7%) were kanamycin resistant. Class I integron detected in 22 (31.4%) isolates. All the gene cassettes found in class I integrons corresponded to different variants of dfr and aadA genes. Prevalence of class I integrons in EPEC strains was high. Presence of aadA and dfr gene cassettes in integrons represents high distribution of resistance determinants in EPEC strains.