Effects of nitrogen rates and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on quantitative and qualitative yield, root characterstics, leaf appearance rate and grain filling period of triticale

In order to study the effects of nitrogen rates and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on quantitative and qualitative yield, root characterstics, leaf appearance rate and grain filling period of triticale, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of the faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2011. Factors were: nitrogen rates in four levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha-1) as urea and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels containing, without inoculation as control, seed inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF, Psedomunas putida strains 41, and 9. Means comparison showed that maximum of grain yield (1.36 gr/per plant) was obtained at seed inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum×160 kg N ha-1. Application of PGPR and increasing of nitrogen rates increased leaf appearance rate. Maximum of phyllochron (5.23 days) and the least of leaf appearance rate (0.191/day) was belonged to treatment compound of N0 × without inoculation seed with PGPR and it was vise versa in treatment compound of N240 × inoculation seed with Azospirillum. Rate and effective grain filling period were affected by nitrogen rates and seed inoculation with PGPR. Maximum of grain weight (0.0516 gr) and effective grain filling period (29.6 day) were obtained in seed inoculation with PGPR×160 kg N ha-1. It seems that in order to increasing of grain yield, leaf appearance rate, grain filling period and some traits be applied 160 kg N ha-1 × seed inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum