Two-phase natural convection of SiO2-water Nano fluid in an inclined square enclosure

Natural convection of a nano uid consisted of water and SiO2 in a square enclosure cavity have been studied numerically. The sidewalls are maintained at dierent constant temperatures and the other walls are thermally insulated. Two-phase mixture model has been used to investigate the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of the nano uid for various inclination angles of enclosure ranging from  = -60 to  = 60, for Rayleigh numbers varying from 103 to 07 and for volume fraction  = 0 - 6%. The governing equations in a two-dimensional space are solved numerically using the nitevolume approach. The results show that the average Nusselt number increases with growth of both Rayleigh number and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles. Moreover, inclination angle can be a control parameter for nano uid lled enclosure, and the angle, in which the maximum average Nusselt number occurs for various values of Rayleigh numbers and volume fraction, is obtained.