Review of History and Civilization the Great Khorasan Cities (Case study: Samarqand, Herat, Balkh and Marv)

Civilization is common way of life, thought and human action and also include overall consistency with economic needs or geographical environment and common organization for quench social political needs of environment and a common set of ideas and achievements. Culture and civilization of a community is its identity and major origin of human societies transformations that all different orientations and functions originates from it. Therefore, knowledge of the culture and civilization seems necessary due to the identity recognition and starting point of social- historical transformations. Since the aim of the this study was recognition and examine the history and civilization of the cities of Greater Khorasan cities including Samarqand, Herat, Balkh and Marv; research method was based on descriptive - analytical study of the documents and a library. In this regard, we have used of articles, books, researches and documentary projects of internal and international related to the subject in order to achieving the goal of research. Our discussion over history of the cities of Greater Khorasan which now are outside the realm of political authority, was not only a issue of historical geography, because historical identity of each region depends on culture, religion, and national identification that fortunately with all more than a century which some cities have been isolated from Iran, religious and cultural ties of those areas led to researchers and historians examine their historical background and use from their own written and historical materials against cultural and social simulation institutions.