A Comparison between the Philosophy of History in the View of Ibn- Khaldun and Ayatollah Motahari

Abdol -RahmanIbn-Khaldoon divides history into two types: outward and inward, whereas Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari divides it into traditional, scientific and theoretical philosophy of history. Outward history corresponds with traditional history and inward history corresponds with scientific history. Ibn- Khaldoon offers no equivalent to the term theoretical philosophy of history proposed by Ayatollah Motahari, nor does he touch on this subject directly. Generally speaking, both of them emphasize on traditional history, but apparently Ayatollah Motahari relies on traditional history more than Ibn- Khaldoon does. Both thinkers firmly believe that human history and society(as inward or scientific history) is rule-based, Ayatollah Motahari considers it difficult to reach those rules because of the complexity of man and human society. Practically, Ibn-Khaldoon, shows great tolerance and many shortcomings in explanation of social rules. On the other hand, Ayatollah Motahari regards scientific history as being based on “society genuineness” and the process of the science of history as being at the point of perfection but such views are not detectable in Ibn-Khaldoon's considerations.