A Study of the Causes of Emigration of Elite from Iran from the International Political Economy View

This article tries to explore the main causes of emigration of Iranian educated specialists from Iran from the view point of shortage of research and educational facilities and problems related to them with focus on 2001 decade (1380-1390 Iranian years). Main part of educational and research institutions are financed and managed by state planning and budget. That is where the government is involved in society and political economy area. On the other hand the factors that attract educated elite of different countries can be seen in world political economy. The aim of the present article is proper understanding of the factors pertaining to the structure of education and research in Iran and the way the weaknesses of this structure affects the intensification of emigration of best educated and specialist to abroad. For this allocation of budget in educational and research fields are examined within the framework of attraction and repulsion theory and the attractive and repulsive factors are identified which creates the potential condition for emigration of the elite to abroad. The finding of the study shows that factor like lack of economic support which includes little investment in educational and research sector are the factors that accelerate emigration of the elite. These factors can be seen in several indexes like the ratio of research budget to gross domestic product of the country, the ratio of active researcher to the population of the country and allocation of research of budget by private and public sector. On the other hand in the developed countries in the above said indexes ample facilities are provided which act as an attractive factor for absorbing educated specialists and elite. The above factors are among the most important economic factors of emigration of scientific elite to abroad in 2001 decade (1380-1390 Iranian years). The paper has used descriptive-analytical method in analyzing data.