Frequency of Contrast Induced Nephropathy after Angiography in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Administration of contrast media (CM) results to an iatrogenic complication named contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN, defined as an increase in serum creatinine >25% of the baseline or (>0.5 mg/dL) within 2-3 days of intravascular contrast media, using in the absence of another renal disease. Incidence of CIN in the general population is reported overall to be 0.6-2.3%. Incidence of CIN is 10-20% in adults who underwent cardiac angiography and catheterization. Results from other studies in children are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CIN in children with congenital heart disease. Subjects and One hundred children (ages ranging from 1 months to 20 years) during a period of 15 months (July 2011 and September 2012) were enrolled. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) were measured before angiography. These measurements were repeated 24 and 72 hours after angiography. Twenty four patients had >25% rising of creatinine from their baseline level. Base line level of BUN in patients with CIN were 12.04 mg/dl before the procedure that increased to 13.6 mg/dl at 24 hour and 13.88 mg/dl at 72 hours after procedure (P = 0.022). Results of this study showed that the frequency of CIN is relatively high in children with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac catheterization and is comparable to other reports in adults.