Iran and India relations during the monarchies of Hasan Beyg and Yacqūb Āq- Qūyūnlū

Despite its significance, the monarchy of Āq-Qūyūnlūs in Iran has been neglected by researchers. This article reveals that despite the obstacles like geographical remoteness, shortness of Āq-Qūyūnlūs’ monarchy in Iran, internal and external conflicts that the two monarchs were faced with, they were interested in establishing political and diplomatic links with their counterparts, namely Muslim Bahmani Monarchs in Dakan. For this reason they used to exchange letters, ambassadors and gifts. Meanwhile the commercial background between Iran and India through the Persian Gulf should not be underestimated. Apparently one of the reasons of the Āq- Qūyūnlūs’ interest in having relations with the monarchs of India was that water route.