The study of word formation processes in new, modern, and postmodern poetry: A case study of Nima, Shamlu, and Baraheni

This article is devoted to the study of word formation processes in Nima، Shamlu، and Baraheni’s poems، as the pioneers of new، modern، and post-modern poetry. All the complex words in their selected poems were counted، including their coined and novel words. The results showed that the most frequently used process in Nima’s poems was compounding (%57. 97derivation)، while in Shamlu’s poems it was derivation (with %46. 92)، and in Baraheni’s poems both derivation and compounding were used equally (%38. 27). %23. 71 of complex words in Nima’s poems، %36. 61 in Shamlu’s poems، and %22. 50 in Baraheni’s poems are their own special coined and novel words. Therefore، there is more word formation in Shamlu’s modern poetry than Nima’s new poetry and Baraheni’s post-modern one. Moreover، there is more lexical varieties in Shamlu’s poems، and %20 of his own coined and novel words are nouns، %53. 07 are adjectives، and %26. 92 are adverbs، while %76. 81 of Nima’s special words، and %64. 19 of Baraheni’s special words are adjectives. Based on the stylistic differences among new، modern، and post-modern poetry، we can say this lexical difference is due to the different attitudes of these three poets; while Nima and Baraheni concentrate more on agents، Shamlu’s focus is both on agents and on action and its properties.