Sequencing part of phenylalanin ammonia lyase (pal2) gene involved in antioxidant synthesis pathway to use in phylogeny of important genera belong to Anthemideae subfamily

Achillea sp., Artemisia sp., Matricaria sp., Santolina sp. and Tanacetum sp. are the most important genera of Anthemideae subfamily that due to having flavonoids and antioxidant compounds have significant applications in pharmacology. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds that are classified in non-enzymatic antioxidants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. To identify and sequencing of pal2 gene, multiple alignment was done for pal2 sequences of the model plant Arabidopsis and other plants registered in the gene bank database (NCBI). Specific degenerative primer was designed based on conserved regions on gene and also active site domain of PAL2 protein. Primers amplified a 700 bp fragment in all studied genera and then the PCR productions were cloned and sequenced. To investigate the pal2 gene diversity among important genera of Anthemideae, average pairwise distance using K2P and P-distance model and genetic diversity based on transition and transversion were calculated. The bioinformatics data showed that mentioned genera have well conserved for pal2 gene. Matricaria sp. and Achillea sp. have more similarity and also Artemisia sp. and Chrysanthemum sp. have more distance to each other.