Marja pivotal analytic model to compare the role of the clergy in the Constitutional Movement and the Islamic Revolution

The meaning of functional role of the clergy is how the clergy act their responsibility in the society. On this basis، the main question that arises in this research is that the role of the clergy in the Constitutional Movement and the Islamic Revolution correspond with which models of social revolution. In both occasions، control of revolution by the clergy was very strange and perhaps most important reason for the astonishment was the inability of theorists to predict the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Therefore، this article aiming to focus on four areas and to explain an analytical model to this relationship. Historical-comparative and analytical research method is used and the role of the clergy in Iran''s Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution are analyzed in a corresponding way by examining similarities and differences in the role of the clergy in the Constitutional Movement and the Islamic Revolution and then explain them down. To compare the role of the clergy in the Constitutional Movement and the Islamic Revolution، their capabilities and collective action divided into four main factors: the clerical leadership as a reference group، political jurisprudential thought of Marja’it، clerical organizational cohesion and the ability to mobilize people. The underlying assumption is that the role of the clergy in the Islamic Revolution in these areas has been more successful than their role in the Constitutional Movement and finally led to the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran under undisputed leadership of Imam Khomeini.