The Principle of Freedom as a Right and Appearance of Intellectual Currents in the Political Thought of Islam

This article discusses freedom; the most important issue in political philosophy and the ideals of mankind. Freedom can be taken in two meaning: A: freedom as a reality and B: freedom as a right.What is debatable in political philosophy and law, freedom is regarded as a right. The disagreement concerning the definition among philosophers is due to three reasons: concept verbal commonality, identified subject, and lack of transparency of possessor of freedom concept. In this case we tried to point to the philosophers’ theory about the issue of freedom. As well as about the history of freedom in Islam, two common thought streams and then, with regard to freedom possessor and the related issues, all kinds of freedom and its most basic form, namely, the political freedom will be studied. Then a comparison is made among three extremist (anarchist), wastage (fascist) and moderate (civil society) forms with three thinking methods in Islamic societies, i.e, optionalists, determinists and justice proponents. Finally, this article ends with the features of freedom that can truly strengthen the ideal society, block belittling of the citizens and guide them.