Fundamentals, Capacities, and limitations of Islamic Economics as Domestic Science

There are two fundamental approach towards the the criterion of Economics as to be Islamic. The first approach considers that Islamic Economics is a knowledge that acquires all its scientific identity from "authentic sources of recognition from Islamic viewpoint". The second approach considers that Islam converts the quiddity of subject matter and the researcher in the field of Economics researches into an artificial reality and self-made, as a system of values, beliefs, norms, customs, traditions, and a collection of Islamic experience of life, with constructing an environment, culture, and Islamic society. This article is to identify the second approach, which Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr considers the "Islamic Economics" as to be realizable in the same framework as well. The article addresses the influence of culture on economics in the theoretical framework of the neoclassic economic school and Institutionalism. For this purpose, the article to refer to the influence of cultural diversity on the totality of economics, from two main viewpoint of the creation of the subject or the economical theoretician and the object that is human being and the society. One standpoint holds that the differences between subject and object of economical knowledge in the scope of society and Islamic culture and the scope of the society of the current economics is in such an extent that it is necessary to establish a new knowledge in Islamic society. This article investigates and criticizes the fundamentals, reasons, and results of this approach.