Comparative study of politics and religion relations from Imam Khomeini's and Ali Abdel Raziq's perspective

Muslim scholars have posed a number of theories which are in contradiction with each other on how to establish relationship between religion and politics particularly in the late century. In this paper, we have attempted to express the causes of disagreement on these scholars’ point of view by comparing two well-known theories. For achieving to this goal, the case study of two famous theorists’ view in Islam world, Imam Khomeini as advocate of extensive relationship between religion and politics in the form of Velayat e faqih and Ali Abdel Raziq as representative of secularism advocates have been addressed in terms of crisis theory of Spragens. Based on this frame, each political theory is formed in the mind of theorist during four steps: observing the crisis, detecting the causes, conceptual reconstructing the society and providing the remedy. The hypothesis of present research is that Imam Khomeini and Abdel Raziq have presented their own point of view during these four steps and under specific conditions and crisis, then they will rely on the certain verses of Holy Quran to approve their theory. This point clearly proves that the conditions and the crisis all scholars encounter, have the great part in forming the political theories and consequently they create the difference between theories...