Evaluation of the causes of neonatal jaundice, based on the infant's age at disease onset and age at hospital admission

Jaundice is the most common cause of neonatal admission within the first month after birth. Therefore, by identifying the causes of jaundice based on the infant’s age at disease onset and age at hospital admission and providing the required training, jaundice can be managed and its associated complications can be prevented. This study was performed to evaluate the causes of neonatal jaundice, based on the infant’s age at disease onset and age at hospital admission. In this cross-sectional study, out of 3,130 infants with jaundice, referring to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from 2003 to 2015, 2,658 newborns were selected. Causes of jaundice are determined based on hematocrit, direct and indirect bilirubin, Coombs test, reticulocyte count, blood group and Rh of mother and neonate, thyroid tests, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme testing, urinalysis, urine culture, and If necessary, Na, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and other tests depending on the doctor's supervision. After confirming jaundice in infants, based on the physician’s diagnosis and laboratory results, a researcher-made questionnaire including the infant’s characteristics, was completed. Based on our study, 27.9% of infants had identified as causes of jaundice. Known causes of jaundice were blood group incompatibility (40%), infection (19%), G6PD enzyme deficiency (12%), endocrine disorders (8%), neonatal hypernatremic dehydration (7%), polycythemia (6%), congenital heart disease (CHD) (4%), occult bleeding (3%) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome (2%). The most common time of hospital admission of jaundice was 4-6 days after birth due to blood incompatibilities, occult bleeding, endocrine disorders, hypernatremic dehydration, CHD, polycythemia and G6PD enzyme deficiency. Moreover, the most common time of admission due to infection was after the first week of birth. The most common age of onset of jaundice was first three days of birth for blood incompatibility, although they were admitted two days later. Therefore, neonatal admission at appropriate time at onset of jaundice and receiving prompt treatments can reduce the probable complications (e.g., kernicterus).