Relationship between Calcium Stone Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

We aimed to investigate relationship between metabolic syndrome and calcium-oxalate stone formation. Between January 2008 and February 2015 we retrospectively investigated biochemical parameters and anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and waist circumference) of 198 patients who had calcium-oxalate stones and we also randomly selected 200 participants who had no history of urolithiasis as the controls. The presence of obesity increased the risk of calcium stones in both men (P =. 003, OR = 2.92) and women (P =. 03, OR = 2.18). Diabetes was significantly correlated to the risk of calcium stones (P =. 04, OR = 1.94). However, when calculated separately for men and women, diabetic men had a higher risk of calcium-oxalate stone disease (P =. 04, OR = 2.59), but diabetic women did not (P >. 05). Hypertension also significantly increased the risk of calcium stones when compared with normotensive individuals (P =. 0001, OR = 3.03). The risk for the development of calcium-oxalate stone disease is most significantly associated with the patient's body mass index and the presence of hypertension.