Formation of the Concept of the Separation of Power in Iran's Constitutional Revolution

The theory of separation of powers is one of the most important concepts in public law that was stated for the first time by Montesquieu. Different and various conceptions and traditions of this concept have been created in different countries. Iranians became familiar with this concept during constitutional revolution through writings of intellectuals, and referred to it in Constitution. In this essay after a short consideration of the concept of separation of powers, we will investigate Iranian's experiences with this concept in the writings of intellectuals and clergymen and important experience of the first parliament. One of the main challenges of the first parliament was regarded to the separation of powers, because there were no clear guidelines for various bodies of newly created form of government. So, members of this parliament debated different issues, like the relationship between Executive and Judiciary and responsibilities of ministers.