A study of sound propagation limitation in shallow waters and operational environment of surface and subsurface equipment

The main characteristic of sound propagation in shallow waters is that graph of sound speed is almost constant or it has a down ward fracture. Therefore, the sound propagation is shallow waters areas is that each beam emitted from the sound source during the propagation time is constantly reflected from the seabed reflectivity of the seabed is more important than the reflectivity of the surface of the sea. In this paper, the characteristics of geographical environment in the Persian Gulf and hormuz strait and the way of sound propagation in these areas has been explained. The effect of heat, cold, salinity and water flow on the speed of sound will also be evaluated. The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas with depth less than 100 meters is a type of shallow waters environments.