A study on the punishment of insulting others from the viewpoint of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh)

In some legal systems of the world, citizens of that community are responsible for the vindication and enforcement of rights. In this case, adjudication does not depend on seeking permission of the ruler. In Islamic jurisprudence, retaliation which has beenrecognized as Taghas (punishment) is known as one of these ways. However, in legal texts, its inclusion is different in financial and non-financial affairs. The present paper investigates the permission granted for punishment of insulting others through studying the views of Shia Fuqaha (the plural of Jurist in Islamic jurisprudence), Quran and Islamic narratives. Also tries to explore various aspects of this issue in social relations of Muslims. It seems that if the legislator does not enumerate an exception, punishment in financial and non-financial affairs should have enough legitimacy without the permission of the ruler and the punishment of insulting is permitted on the condition that does not lead to violence.