The Anthropological Foundations; The Duality, The Originality of Soul and their Role and Free Will in Islamic Psychology

The present paper attempts to study the anthropological foundations of Islamic psychology and its impacts on objectives, methodology, theorization and approaches in different fields of this knowledge. The method of this study is descriptive-analytic. Initially, by reference to Islamic sources, this paper seeks to identify the basic concepts and statements that describe man and his characteristics, then expounds man`s foundational characteristics by using intellectual reasoning, Quranic and empirical evidences. The findings of the paper indicate that man is a two-dimensional creature having a soul and free will. The results indicate that the basic assumptions about human nature are as follows; having the power of thinking, being logical, having free will, being impressionable and being recognizable. Moreover in order to identify man`s nature, anthropological foundations have a determining role in psychological researches and even they specify the researcher’s method.