The Trend of Residential-Livelihood Changes in Nomadic Ecosystems with Environmental Sustainability Approach (Case Study: Farsimadan Tribe Ecosystem, Fars Province)

Nomadic societies have had a very important role in the history of human societies. As a matter of fact, changing and transformation have always been accompanying these societies, although, after the industrial revolution, these changes occurred more rapidly due to the expansion technology. Todays, the role and importance of nomadic communities have declined for many reasons. Moreover, some profound changes have occurred in different aspects of their lives facing numerous challenges and opportunities. The present study aimed to identify change and transformation patterns in livelihood ness- Residential and explanation of them in Farsimadan ecosystem. This study is trying to identify the changes in the patterns of living and explanation of the ecosystem of Farsimdan tribe. This research is an applied one using qualitative approach and grounded theory. The sample was selected first with criterion sampling method and then snowball or chain sampling method. So finally the research reached to theoretical saturation via participatory research techniques and eventually deep and semi-structured interviews with 12 people. The results show that different patterns of livelihood have been formed included sedentary, semi-nomadic and nomadic cattle without livestock. Set of internal changes includes the weakness of tribal knowledge and new technologies in relation to livestock, population growth, lack of capital and migration to the city and labor shortage. External forces of change, including land reform, limited support from the government in terms of legal, regulatory and financial, entrance of services and facilities to the village, technology penetration among tribes, vulnerability tribes against natural hazards and human risk, loss of traditional management nomadic, changing the political structure. Combined forces of change include the loosening of nomadic life values, promoting the culture of consumerism" and urban lifestyle that played a role in the formation and pattern choices, strategies, challenges and opportunities for them.