Analysis of Streets Network Status in Rural Settlements after Performing Guide Plan (Case Study: Rural Settlements of Zanjan County)

The street network as a communication artery, is an important component of rural settlements tissue, and basically, texture is irregular and complex, and rural guide plan to regulate the streets network in the village runs. But, usually in implementing these projects, several problems such as Equal attention to rural and urban street network and benefiting from experiences of urban patterns, disregarding the fields formation and the nature of their performance, low attention to topographic conditions and needs of the people, the lack of cooperation of the public and local institutions and etc. prevent the proper implementation of such projects.
Given that in the planning and design of rural road network in the guide plan, attention to issues such as determining the functional hierarchy of roads, according to the characteristics of each level and attention to environmental and economic and social factors in creating and expanding roads, is important. Essential is evaluation the condition of rural roads network in the villages where has been implemented in it guide plan, to be examined role this plan in the guided and regulating of the rural Lifeline.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: One of the most important structural elements of rural development to support the rural poverty and reducing the vulnerability of rural areas is attention to the physical dimensions of economic, social and human environment in rural areas. In this context, organizing accessibility to services, transport and rural communications is one of the main objectives of rural physical development. The first time, attention to the rural road network and the level of its hierarchy in the national road system in India was conducted in Nagpur region between years 1943 to 1961, and today, China as a global leader of the road expansion and modernization of rural streets network is known. Accommodations have a significant impact on the development of physical-spatial street network, depending on the optimum use of them. Indeed, one of the ways to guide land use and prevent violations of it is improving the rural roads network. Thus, the coefficient optimal use of the road network is dependent on several factors:- Using streets network for traffic of the vehicles
- Streets Network positive effect on reducing transport services and increasing the speed, reliability, and safety
- The use of street network for economic activity and trade
- Expedite in services and aid to others.
In the design and engineering of streets Network in the city inside, suburban and other settlements, streets are placed in four categories: 1. Main street; 2. Street collector; 3. Local minor street; and 4. Entry and access.
About the importance of the streets network in the shaping and organizing rural settlements several theories have been proposed. Most notably, the theory of natural movement and the importance of analyzing the spatial structure of street network, spatial arrangement theory, perspective of functional separation paths (linear model), the theory of interconnectedness.
The research method is descriptive-analytic. For data collection, library and field studies have been used. The study consisted of 24 villages of the Zanjan county in which guide plan has been completed and is assessable. Using the cluster sampling method 10 villages have been selected from 10 districts. Rural population of sample is 11554 people that using Morgan table, a sample of 373 people were selected as statistical sample. To analyze the data from one sample t test, chi-square goodness of fit test (χ2) and kolmogorov - smirnov test (K-S) with the help of SPSS software has been used. Indicators of research include "street network width”, "Pattern making of street network”, "Landscape and architecture of the street network", "street network slope" and "surface and coverage of the street network".
Research findings show that, based on single-sample t test among the rural streets network indicators, component "the materials quality of the street network infrastructure" with the statistic t 091/6 is highly adapted to the street network standards. According to the chi-square goodness of fit test, the greatest satisfaction from index "length and width of street network» (χ2= 889. 52) and the lowest satisfaction from index "level and streets network coverage » (χ2= 21. 667) is. Also, in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test by comparing normal and Poisson distributions, observe card results in the field network indicators status, as well as satisfaction questionnaire statistical population, is non-normal distribution of samples. Also, there is a difference between the normal distribution (N= 2. 324) and Poisson distribution (P= 1. 679). However, the amount of K-S in the Poisson distribution rather than a normal distribution. These factors indicate that the situation of the indicators of research is improving and developing. Also, the average rural streets network in compliance with the standards and satisfy the villagers is equal to 3. 32. This value is average.
According to the findings of quantitative study about the positive impact of guide plan to improve rural streets network and also, according to the results of previous research which showed that the physical plans and development of the rural streets network prevent violations and surface water repelling, and the garbage collector, accelerate the access to services, guide land use and increase the reliability and safety of the traffic in the village. Implementation of Rural guide Plan to improve road network and compliance with standards, as well as increasing rural satisfaction from their performance, increased efficiency of the network in the rural settlements. To improve the situation, increasing local control and organization, confirming the quality of materials by experts, monitoring the Regulatory compliance after implementation, attention to the architecture and aesthetics and safety in the streets network design are essential.