Modeling of tendency to cigarette smoking based on the health believes, attitudes, subjective norms, and resiliency

The aim of the present study was identifying tendency to cigarette smoking based on the health believes, attitudes, subjective norms and resiliency among university students. It was a cross-sectional study which was conducted on 361 university students. Two questionnaires, one based on the health believe model and the theory of reasoned action, and the other about resiliency were completed. Data were analyzed through SPSS and Partial Least Squares (PLS) packages. The main study (conducted after pilot study) showed that 16/66% of 108 subjects who ever smoked, tried it before age 10. All friends of more than 10/5% of them (108 subjects) smoked cigarettes. Structural equation modeling showed that the conceptual model could predict tendency to tobacco smoking among university students. The highest coefficient was between attitudes and smoking. Subjective-norm was the next. The results confirm previous findings. The components couldcontribute in a reliable research model for studying risky B., smoking. The HBM might work better while is associated with attitudes andSN.Association of complementary elements (resiliency) with the model might be useful