Investigation the agronomic and physiological characteristics of Alvand wheat cultivar under water tension conditions, application of animal manure and bentonit

In order to investigate the effect of water deficiency tension and consumption of absorbent substances such as animal manure¡ zeolite and bentonite¡ this experiment was carried out in educational-research field of Arak Islamic Azad University in 2010-2011 cropping year. The experiment was conducted as split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experiment factors consisted of irrigation in three levels (100¡ 85 and 70 percentage plant required water) in the main plots and absorbent materials at six levels (control¡ 30 ton per hectare manure¡ 15 ton per hectare manure using four ton per hectare zeolite¡ 15 ton per hectare manure using two ton per hectare bentonite¡ using four ton per hectare zeolite using two ton per hectare bentonite¡ 15 ton per hectare manure using four ton per hectare zeolite using two ton per hectare bentonite) in sub plots. Results showed that the effect of water tension was significant on the traits such as water use efficiency and leaf water content at one percent level and peduncle length at five percent level. Using absorbent materials had significant effect on cell ion leakage and total biomass at one percent level. Between the levels of water tension¡ irrigation treatment based on 70 percent plant required water with an average 6968 µs cm-1 and control irrigation treatment with an average 6208 µs cm-1 were allocated the highest and lowest amount of cell ion leakage respectively.