Recognition of Claimant In Private Suit Resulting From A Crime

The litigations resulting from a crime may be categorized in two categories of private and public suits. One of the most significant issues in such suits is the recognition of parties to them. A public suit is lodged by the public prosecutor against a defendant. The private suit is, however, made by persons whose beneficiary status may not be determined as simply as expected.
The main issue of this paper is to recognize the persons along with the victim to have the right to lodge a case in line with the observance of civil procedure rules and regulations.
May legal entities other than real entities, lodge a private suit before criminal courts? In addition, which damages mentioned under the 2014 Criminal Procedure Code may be claimed by such persons?
In the legal system of the most countries like, France, in addition to victim, the others can suit a private case. This Suit can transform voluntarily or forcibly. Then, successors such as heirs, insurer and transferee and those who have been hurt directly from crime can suit this case.
Studies show that the regulations of Iran in this area suffer from scattering, incoherence and legal vacuum. In this regard, it is suggested that in view of the other countrie's law and regulations, the regulations in this area would been consistent and some rules approved about promoting the protection of claimants in private suit resulting from crime; because various rules and laws governing such suits, along with conflicting precedents have led to some implications on the issues of the private suit resulting from a crime under the Iranian legal system, made judges confused.