Studies on the regularity of wave intensity in ultrasonic bath and spherical reactor

In this study, the rate of change in intensity of sound waves in different locations of an ultrasonic bath is investigated. Due to the change in resonance mode of ultrasonic bath, lack of monotony in waves’ intensity, and as a result, unrepeatability of experiment has been observed. The spherical ultrasonic reactor is proposed to minimize this problem. The spherical reactor is a100 ml round-bottomed flask, in which two ultrasonic transducers are attached on the sides of the container in front of each other. In order to study the characteristics of sound intensity in spherical reactor model, the power and influence of standing waves produced by ultrasonic irradiation with both reactor transducers are photographed using the chemical luminescence produced due to the radical hydroxide formation. In ultrasonic bath, dependant on distance from the bottom of the container, the yield of reaction differs from 0.133 to 0.407 nanomolar per Joule for 1 to 30 millimeter distances from the bottom. The yield of reaction in the center of container is considerably different from the yield of reaction in sites closer to the side walls. In the distance of 30 mm from the bottom on the right side of reactor, the yield of reaction is equal to 0.032 nM.J-1, while in the same depth in the center of the reactor, the yield is equal to 0.407 nM.J-1,which isalmost 13 times larger. In spherical reactor, the ultrasound waves obey the Bessel function and as a result of the container’s radius being the constant value of 6.3 cm, nodes and antinodes are always in the same spots. Also, by comparing the yield of reaction when both probes are radiating, with the yield of reaction when just one probe works, one can realize the formation of standing modes. Additionally, the yield of reaction for spherical reactor is about 4.625 nM.J-1, while for ultrasonic bath, the optimum magnitude is about 0.407 10 times more efficient.