Muhaqqaq calligraphy expression in Rayhan and Thuluth in calligraphy the Holy Quran

In the beginning of the 3rdcentury Hegira, the complexity of shapesand also reading of the Kufic script, caused a sudden development in the new calligraphic scripts. These scripts which were developed from a common origin, became known as theSix Pens (al-aqlam al-sitta) which are: Muhaqqaq, Rayhan, Thuluth, Naskh, Tawqi, Riqa. There are different narratives about their sequence, regardless of which, they have provided the basis for the Islamic calligraphy, and priorto the invention of Taliq, Nastaliq&ShikastaNastaliq by the Iranians form the 7th to 11th century Hegira, everything was created and written using these six scripts. However their source is the Muhaqqaq script which is known with this name for its magnificence and splendor, conspicuous letters, regular spaces, homogeneity and simplicity. Each letter of that is specifically and rigidly shaped, and is not confused with other letters. Also words are widely spaced which leads to clarity and precision. After a century, another script, »Rayhan», was created similar to Muhaqqaq, so much that it was named“BarikeMuhaqqaq”. LikeMuhaqqaq, there are some features of the Thuluth script evident in this script as well. MuhaqqaqandRayhan look similar to the Thuluth at first glance, but obvious differences in the shape of their letters may be observed if closely examined. In Iran and other Islamic countries, these two scripts were widely useduntil the 11th century Hegira to transcribeQuran, partlybecause of theirlegibility. In this research, calligraphic manifestationsofMuhaqqaq, Ray han, andThuluthscripts in transcribing the Holy Quran have been studied and the main goal is the study of the distinctions and similarities of the mentioned scripts and the superiority (manifestation) of the Muhaqqaq. The questions are as follows: 1- What is the main feature of the Muhaqqaq? 2- What is the cause of the manifestation and influence of Muhaqqaqscript on Rayhan and Thuluth? The research method is historical-descriptive, and data were collected from library research and field observations. The result indicates the influence of Muhaqqaq script on Rayhan and Thuluth, and obsolesce of the Muhaqqaq script for continuationof the research and revision of the written documents. The conclusion is that Muhaqqaq script is directly derived from the Iranian Kufic script and is rated after Kufic, and the size, shape and appearance of the letters of Rayhan andThuluth (whether separately or joined) are highly influenced by Muhaqqaq. Therefore Muhaqqaqscript has proved manifestin comparison toRayhanandThuluth in the transcribing the Holy Quran.