Spatial analysis of development exclusions (Case study: Counties of Guilan province)

The spatial inequality can be unequal distribution of opportunities and social position in the spatial. Activities of economic and political importance are often concentrated in urban centers. These centers also benefit from a constant inflow of new material, financial and human resources from the peripheries. Government policies can also be biased towards these areas. As a result of this, and the constant leakage of resources to the central regions, peripheral areas often have difficulty in self-sus. The spatial dimension of exclusion cannot be entirely separated from its resource and identity dimensions since it is usually culturally and economically marginalised groups that inhabit physically deprived spatial. Spatial Inequality has been considered with disparities between rural and urban areas, also between geographically advantaged and disadvantaged regions. In many countries such disparities are increasing, partly as a consequence of the uneven impact of trade openness and globalization. While there are efficiency gains from the concentration of economic activity in urban centers and in coastal districts, the associated regional inequalities are a major contributor to overall inequality. They are particularly worrying if they align with political or ethnic divisions. The broad outline of appropriate policy for managing high and rising spatial disparities is also clear. This study grades levels of development Guilan counties based on five criteria (Investment and Industrial Activity, Social Inequality - Economic, Population, Roads and Communications, Health and Treatment) and 19 under the relevant criteria. For spatial analysis of exclusions, the following criteria values to the most important factors of spatial exclusion will be determine and analyze. It is the main question that what are the major contributors for spatial analysis of exclusions and basic solution in order to solve this problem, what can be offered?
For Spatial analysis of development exclusions of Guilan province , Statistical population includes the counties of Guilan province and the sample consisted is university professors of geography and regional planning and experts in management and planning organization of Guilan province.According to the subject , this paper is qualitative - quantitative and functional (the result) , exploring (in terms of goals and how to collect data and production data), description (in terms of explaining the features) and analytical (in terms of relations between variables). For ranking the Guilan counties, first use the (Topsis) model and weighted by AHP approach with questionnaires, then has classified counties of Guilan in three levels (Deprived, Semi- deprived, welfare) with cluster analysis and software (spss). Ultimate Spatial analysis of exclusion development , the following criteria have been rating that for it five quality options ( ineffective , low impact , effective , high- impact impression and very much) , the corresponding numbers ( 0 to 4 ), the coefficient of correlation , positive correlation between the amount of the data is determined by experts . Using Delphi, strategies has been required and for reducing the exclusion of development based on factors that were positively identified and eventually using the AHP strategies were prioritized.
The main reason for the deprivation of development is the disruption of balance needed in relationship between the factors of shaping the spatial, namely human, activities and settlements and in the scope of agriculture, rural-urban migration issue to be addressed.Population distribution in urban and rural areas of the Guilan province has a special heterogeneity. On the one hand the services sector in the economy of the province and its trend is not meaning of development in Guilan, Because of the service sectors, the highest contribution rate in contrast, the low share of agriculture and industry trend indicates that the Guilan economy is ailing economy. So, seasonality of agricultural activities is the most important factor in the problem of immigration and unemployment and destroying the balance of the spatial and due to the natural abilities of the province that can be the highest sustainable production capabilities exist. In this regard, more efficient interaction between agriculture and industries sector based on agricultural potential of counties and approach to the second crop for sustain this activity may be assessed. This requires establishing the suitability between supply and demand, production and consumption for all counties of province till distributing industrial investment in an interactive perspective at the agricultural sector to be more equitable that it tends to define opportunities greater job, loss and permanent migration and more spatial balance in the Guilan province. Several factors could explain the high rate of unemployment in the region (Guilan), but in the interaction between the private sector and the government to provide opportunities for private-sector investment is the most important issue. By comparing the scattering coefficient Criteria can be concluded the degree of inequality in selection the criteria are different from each others. So, all of the following criteria in order to analyze the spatial exclusion of development from the perspective of experts has been valuated that four criteria were positive correlation. Therefore the maximum value, belongs to: 1) the unemployment, 2) investment in the industrial sector , 3) Rural migration control, 4) a four-lane main road, wide and regular .
In this study,the counties of the Shaft, Rezvanshahr, Masal, Soumesara and Fooman in the west and Amlash in the east of Guilan province be identified as the deprivation counties.
But the most important solutions to reduce spatial deprivation the Guilan province include, "Recognition the employment opportunities of Anzali Free Zone industrial trade", "to provide opportunities for private sector investment" and "the policy of freedom from dependence on a single product economy rice". Interaction between academia and industry through science and technology parks and enabling industrial towns with the counties approach to the formation of industrial clusters to conduct Anzali Free Zone industrial trade can develop a balanced and organized activities through counties and industrial areas of the counties of the Guilan and employment opportunities without migration the counties through spatial exclusion also reduced. The main barriers for the development of unbalanced industrial towns of the Guilan that is the lack of liquidity and supply of raw materials and machinery affected