Development of sustainable aquaculture by using biofloc technology

With increasing world population, food production industries such as aquaculture needs to be expanded very well. An innovative technology which is called biofloc technology (BFT) can follow the objectives of sustainable aquaculture by using zero-water exchange system. BFT is the eco-friendly aquaculture system that considered as an efficient alternative system since nutrients could be continuously recycled and reused as food for aquatic. This technology is basically dependent on adjustment of carbon/ nitrogen (C/N) ratio for development of microbial community and bioflocs which leads to microbes harvest excreted inorganic nitrogen and produce microbial proteins. These bioflocs improve water quality. Limited water exchange, minimizing the effluent, maintaining of water quality, food supply, reducing protein in food, growth improvement, biosecurity and production of organic products are the important of this technology that has greatly considered during these past two decades. In this review, introduction of biofloc technology will be discussed, that can be suggested as a strategy for enhancement and development of sustainable aquaculture in country and also as an appropriate way for beneficial use of water resources.