The role of road in the development of rural areas, with emphasis on diversification of economic activities (Case Study: Chavarzagh Dehestan in Tarom County)

Rural areas in developing countries face with many challenges. This has led theorists, planners and decision-makers to adopt new approaches seek to provide solutions and new methods in the process of rural development to the Reduce problems in these regions. A logical solution in this area is, the idea of the diversity of economic activities in rural settlements in developing countries, which improve the non-agricultural employment opportunities and improve the welfare of rural households and also reduces the risk of agricultural products. These requires appropriate infrastructure. One of these infrastructure is, rural roads which can create new sources of income, leading to a more diversified revenue structure that can reduce the vulnerability of households to economic shocks.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: The idea of diversification of economic activities is a means to accelerate economic development in different levels which is important in promoting the welfare and security of the region's economy. This idea was proposed in developing countries to improve the terms of trade and economic growth after the Second World War and also in recent decades, the creation of global crises and natural such as War, drought, global inflation causing attention to the diversification of the economy, particularly the rural economy in recent years that in rural areas seeking for employment opportunities and development of sources of income for regions residents provides The best opportunity for economic and organizational solutions. The importance of this approach is that when the agricultural sector facing with stagnation the non- agricultural rural economy can eliminate some damages. This requires appropriate infrastructure. One of these is infrastructure, rural roads, that it is first factor for economic development areas, particularly in rural areas that has a significant impact on economic growth and poverty reduction through wide ranges of mechanisms. This factor with connecting remote and isolated areas, helped increasing relation between producers, Local markets and commercial products, as a result, income increase, improve the job security of small farmers, strengthening entrepreneurial opportunities, improving the business security of small-scale farmers, enhancing of the productivity of factors of production.
This research is applied and the method is analytical– descriptive. Data collected method is field studies and documental. From a 2742 households in Chawarzagh County, 250 respondents were selected by using Cochran formula. For data analysis, statistical tests such as Wilcoxon, one sample T test, two sample T test was used.
The results of the study show a significant difference in diversification of rural economic activity in the periods before and after creation road zanjan- taham- chavarzagh. So that the diversification components to income sources in rural areas and improve infrastructure products and services show the highest rate respectively and and the investment index in the off- rural shows the lowest. Sample t-test for alpha level of 0.01 is significant in all dimensions. In addition, Two-sample t-test results in the two groups of villages to 5 km of the road and most villages in the distance from the road showed significant differences in the level 99.
Literature and research related to the research topic showed that development of access roads in rural areas has a several impact on the diversification of economic activity and as a result development of economic infrastructures. In this study, using theoretical studies, economic implications rural roads in five categories of indicators are considered as: 1- Improving employment opportunities in non-agricultural activities;
2- Improving employment opportunities in agricultural activities;
3- Improve products and services infrastructures;
4- Diversification of sources of income in rural areas; and
5- Investment outside the village.
The significant difference in the average number Obtained calculating the components of a variety of economic activities Inventory data from among the heads of households in the villages of samples before and after the roads Zanjan brave Chavarzqh. In all components there are difference. So that in order the most significant difference in the components of diversifying sources of income in rural areas, improve infrastructure to manufacturing and services, and the smallest difference in investment outside the village. Also average number variants examined in the study also shows the high level components in all cases, so that to be able road construction Zanjan – taham – chavarzagh play a decisive role in Diversification to sources of income in rural areas, improve infrastructure products and services, improving employment opportunities in agriculture and non-agricultural activities, investments outside the village and etc… In the rural area of study. In addition, showed two-sample t-test results in the two groups of villages to 5 km of the road and most villages in the distance from the road significant differences in the level 99. In the other hand difference means and 95 percent confidence interval for the difference between the two groups showed positive results that can show improve the effectiveness of the road in all indices of the survey.