Study the Effect of Region on Fruit Fatty Acids of Four Olive Cultivars in the Lorestan Province

Olive (Olea europaea L.) belongs to the Oleaceae family and is an evergreen tree. The olive oil has been an important source of nutrition and medicine for centuries. Olive oil is of highly important due to presence of significant amount of mono-unsaturated Fatty Acid namely Oleic Acid and natural antioxidants. Different geographical regions with different natural conditions have been different effects on growth of plants and climate conditions can be affected synthesis of chemical matter or secondary metabolites in plants. Therefore, in this study, fatty acids of olive fruit cultivars in three regions of the Lorestan province were investigated by Gas Chromatography (GC).
This research was conducted in factorial test in based on completely randomized design with two factors, Factor A was four cultivars of olive (including cultivars of Konservolia, Sevillana, Manzanilla and Rowghani) and factor B was three regions of Lorestan province (including Kouhdasht, Khorramabad and Veysian) that were studied in four replicate and each replicate include three trees. In this study, fruit fatty acids of four olive cultivars in three regions of the Lorestan province were identified using gas chromatography (GC). For each cultivar, selected 30 healthy olive trees from different parts of the garden and about five kilograms of fruit-manually in each repeat randomly picked from different directions trees healthy fruits in separate envelopes were placed. Analysis of variance and mean comparison of traits was performed with Duncan test (P
The analysis of variance showed that all fatty acids in different regions had significant differences between cultivars (P
The results showed that the quantity and quality of fatty acids in olive cultivars influenced by environmental factors and fatty acid values for each cultivar in each region were different. Finally, among the olive cultivars studied in different regions, the Sevillana in Khorramabad in terms of Linoleic, Palmitoleic and Myristic acid, the Manzanilla in Veysian in terms of Arachidic and Linolenic acid and the Konservolia in Kouhdasht in terms of Gadoleic, Stearic and Palmitic acid and finally the Rowghani cultivars in the Kouhdasht region in terms of Oleic acid had a highest values. Rowghani cultivar in Kouhdasht region had a highest quantity and quality of oil and fatty acid in this research, therefore it can be recommended as ideal cultivar.