Assessing the Effects of Transportation on Different Aspects of Rural Development (Case Study: Central District of Tabriz County)

1. To meets the needs of the population, transportation is one of the most important and most valuable assets of each country and can be a strong credit for its economic growth. If the authorities do not provide enough means of transportation, of course, the process of production and consumption cannot be taken in the vantage. Therefore, for optimal efficiency, the proper transportation system creates positive and important results. For the development of this industry, prophesy, as well as basic and regional studies, will solve the problems in order to develop and satisfy the vital needs of the people. Therefore, the need to improve accessibility to transportation is one of the most important obstacles to achieving sustainable rural development goals. Because investment in this sector has led to economic and social development and, conversely, the lack of investment in this scene leads to underdevelopment and rural poverty. The present study seeks to evaluate the impact of transportation in the different dimensions of rural development in the central part of Tabriz. Many people are traveling daily to carry out educational, administrative, health-medicinal, service and etc., in the studied rural area. This problem, especially in the spring and winter, brings about hardship for the villagers because of severe snow and rain. Also, given the prosperity of agriculture and handicrafts in these rural areas, farmers face with problems of selling and delivering their products to the market because of transportation deficiencies, such as spending a lot of money, non-sales of agricultural products, handicrafts and others. Considering the above, it is necessary to study the role of transportation in rural development in the central part of Tabriz County.
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: In general, the importance of transportation in each country's economy can be considered in two directions: First, the impact that this field of activity has on the spatial structure of the country, and on the other hand, the development of the transportation network has led to the concentration of economic activities in some areas and their growth, and it may cause stagnation in some areas. The second is the effect that the transportation sector has at the macro level on the whole economy in terms of employment, production, investment, and so on. Transportation is one of the parts of every country, such as agriculture and industry, which is engaged in itself and produces services. In general, the quality and quantity of transportation infrastructure has a direct impact on economic growth, and in particular, on the development of countries. Contrary to economic interests, it seems difficult to determine and assess the social benefits of rural transport projects because social interests are somewhat indirectly and indirectly referred to as benefits, often in education, health care and social networking. An integrated approach to investing in rural transport requires a comprehensive understanding of the access needs and the mobility of rural communities, as well as the recognition of rural roads and investment in its sub-sectors.
3. Given the nature of the subject, this study is a descriptive - analytical one and has practical purpose. Data were collected using documentary and field surveys. In this study, 19 villages which were the closest to the city of Tabriz had been selected randomly, and a sample of 331 teachers was selected as the sample size. Then, for each village or community, contribution is calculated the case with respect to the total population of each country in terms of population. A questionnaire was used in this study. Its validity was confirmed by specialists and experts and its reliability was also approved using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (r=83.0).
4. In this study, SPSS software was used, the impact of transportation on the development of rural dimensions such as economic, educational, health and social welfare was evaluated. In the beginning, Duncan test was used to illustrate the differences between villages in terms of transportation and organic changes. Based on the results of this test, are Mayan, Normandy, Kond Rud, and Shabestar villages were ranked first, and Korjan and Alexander were ranked in the last place. It is worth noting that there is a significant relationship between the development of transportation and rural population. The relationship between transportation and rural development in various aspects was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient which showed that there is a significant positive relationship between transportation and villages organic changes. The following regression model indicates that to provide access to rural transportation, organic changes (employment and economic prosperity, education, health and social welfare) had been studied in rural areas. Hence, transportation has a 48% positive effect on organic changes in the central rural area of Tabriz.
To assure the validity of the questionnaire the views of experts and faculty members of the Department of Geography and Rural Planning of Tabriz University were used. Cornew's alpha obtained in this study was 83.0, which indicates an acceptable level of reliability. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, Duncan test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression model were used in SPSS.
5. Based on the results of field research, rural transportation system can be considered to have a significant effect on the organoleptic changes in rural areas. In this study, organoleptic transplantation was noticed more and more in populated villages and villages with lower population density, and less attention has been paid to provincial planners. Considering that the rural area of central part of Tabriz county has economic, social potentialities and special climate conditions, it is expected that the planners of Tabriz county have a comprehensive view of the rural area and seek to strengthen the infrastructure, including transportation infrastructure, because in the proper pattern of sustainable development, the existence of a favorable transportation system in each region has a positive impact on the various economic, social, physical and spatial dimensions of that area.