Politics and Education in Pahlavi's Second Era A Case Study of the Cause, Grounds and the Process of Changing Topics and enactments of The Supreme Culture Council (1941-1953)

Following the occupation of Iran by the Allies on September 1941 and Reza shah’s withdrawal from the political constitution of power, process of generating the despotic state in Iran collapsed and the centralized sources of power in to large extend were dispersed. In new social-political atmosphere in which the domination of king and court on the movement of culture, especially on education was curtailed, the supreme council of culture as one of the most important official decision making and observing institution over the realm of education, affected considerably by this atmosphere and some changes occurred in its content of encasements and curriculum. This paper tries to answer this question: what were the reasons, grounds and outcomes of the change in the content of encasement and curriculum of the supreme council of culture from September 1941 till August 1953. In reply we can say, despite the maintaining and constancy of the inherited structure of council from Reza shah’s era, the constitution which had been made for the absolute domination of Pahlavi regime and the state over the education, influenced by the political and social reforms and fairly open-critically atmosphere after Reza shah’s era and regained slightly the institutional place of the state and The Nation consultative parliament. In to some extent decreased the affection of political actors over the education on be half of the policies of the court. In this atmosphere, individuals with different political and intellectual interests such as (Islamic, Nationalist, leftist) entered the council, found an opportunity for role-playing in preparation and approbation of ideas and subjects for different than previous periods in the content of education. The dominant social-political atmosphere of society such as the activities of parties and different committees of social, political and the press has been affected in this case.