Constructivism and Connectivism in E-Learning

This study aims to explain constructivism and connectivism in electronic learning (e-learning). The method of research is applied, descriptive and non-experimental. Statistical population of the study was e-learning students and professors in e-learning centers affiliated to Ministry of Science and Islamic Azad University in the country in academic year of 2016-17 who were 60568 students and 1050 professors and totally the number of professors and students were 61618. The study was conducted on a sample of 462 including 289 men and 173 women who were randomly selected using Morgan table. To conduct the study, a researcher-made questionnaire of constructivism and connectivism was used. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by taking expert's views. For reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated which was achieved 0.956 for constructivism questionnaire and 0.955 for connectivism questionnaire. According to the findings of the study, independent learning elements, concept formation and high-level thinking skills, and learning based on problem-solving are the most important elements of constructivism and learning beyond textbook and curriculum, completing and improving structure of subjective cognition through communication, and completing objectivism in teaching learning through communication are also the most important elements of connectivism in e-learning.